Monotrauma is associated with enhanced remote inflammatory response and organ damage, while polytrauma intensifies both in porcine trauma model

Störmann, Philipp; Wagner, Nils; Köhler, Kernt; Auner, Birgit; Simon, Tim-P.; Pfeifer, Roman; Horst, Klemens; Pape, Hans-Christoph; Hildebrand, Frank; Wutzler, Sebastian; Marzi, Ingo; Relja, Borna

doi:10.1007/s00068-019-01098-1

by Philipp Störmann, Nils Wagner, Kernt Köhler, Birgit Auner, Tim-P. Simon, Roman Pfeifer, Klemens Horst, Hans-Christoph Pape, Frank Hildebrand, Sebastian Wutzler, Ingo Marzi, Borna Relja

Abstract:

AIM: Severely injured patients experience substantial immunological stress upon traumatic insult. Next to the direct local tissue injury also other organs, which are not directly injured such as liver and lung, are frequently affected by a so-called remote organ damage (ROD) after trauma. Thus, we studied the inflammatory response of lung and liver either after isolated femur fracture as example for ROD, or after multiple trauma in a porcine polytrauma model. METHODS: Twenty-four male pigs (Sus scrofa) underwent either isolated standardized femoral fracture (monotrauma, MT, n = 12) or polytrauma (PT, n = 12). PT consisted of a femur fracture, lung contusion, liver laceration, hemorrhagic shock, subsequent resuscitation and surgical fracture fixation. Six animals served as controls (sham). After 72 h inflammatory changes were determined by analyses of the interleukin (IL)-6 gene expression and tissue infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN, myeloperoxidase staining). ROD in MT, and lung as well as liver damage in PT were assessed histologically by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Expression of phosphorylated p65 NF-κB was evaluated by immunohistology. RESULTS: IL-6 increased in lungs and liver in both groups MT and PT, respectively, compared to sham. Similarly, PMN infiltration of the lungs and liver increased significantly after both MT and PT compared to sham. Histological evaluation demonstrated tissue damage notably in lungs after MT, while tissue damage after PT was found in both lung and liver after PT. p65 NF-κB tended to an increase upon MT, and was significantly enhanced after PT in both tissues. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that remote organ damage after MT notably in lungs was associated with an enhanced inflammatory response. Severe polytrauma substantially intensifies this response and organ damage in the underlying model.

Reference:

Monotrauma is associated with enhanced remote inflammatory response and organ damage, while polytrauma intensifies both in porcine trauma model (Philipp Störmann, Nils Wagner, Kernt Köhler, Birgit Auner, Tim-P. Simon, Roman Pfeifer, Klemens Horst, Hans-Christoph Pape, Frank Hildebrand, Sebastian Wutzler, Ingo Marzi, Borna Relja), In European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, volume 46, 2020.

Bibtex Entry:

@article{stormann_monotrauma_2020,
	title = {Monotrauma is associated with enhanced remote inflammatory response and organ  damage, while polytrauma intensifies both in porcine trauma model},
	volume = {46},
	issn = {1863-9941 1863-9933},
	doi = {10.1007/s00068-019-01098-1},
	abstract = {AIM: Severely injured patients experience substantial immunological stress upon  traumatic insult. Next to the direct local tissue injury also other organs, which  are not directly injured such as liver and lung, are frequently affected by a  so-called remote organ damage (ROD) after trauma. Thus, we studied the inflammatory  response of lung and liver either after isolated femur fracture as example for ROD,  or after multiple trauma in a porcine polytrauma model. METHODS: Twenty-four male  pigs (Sus scrofa) underwent either isolated standardized femoral fracture  (monotrauma, MT, n = 12) or polytrauma (PT, n = 12). PT consisted of a femur  fracture, lung contusion, liver laceration, hemorrhagic shock, subsequent  resuscitation and surgical fracture fixation. Six animals served as controls (sham).  After 72 h inflammatory changes were determined by analyses of the interleukin  (IL)-6 gene expression and tissue infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN,  myeloperoxidase staining). ROD in MT, and lung as well as liver damage in PT were  assessed histologically by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Expression of phosphorylated  p65 NF-κB was evaluated by immunohistology. RESULTS: IL-6 increased in lungs and  liver in both groups MT and PT, respectively, compared to sham. Similarly, PMN  infiltration of the lungs and liver increased significantly after both MT and PT  compared to sham. Histological evaluation demonstrated tissue damage notably in  lungs after MT, while tissue damage after PT was found in both lung and liver after  PT. p65 NF-κB tended to an increase upon MT, and was significantly enhanced after PT  in both tissues. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that remote organ damage after MT  notably in lungs was associated with an enhanced inflammatory response. Severe  polytrauma substantially intensifies this response and organ damage in the  underlying model.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the  European Trauma Society},
	author = {Störmann, Philipp and Wagner, Nils and Köhler, Kernt and Auner, Birgit and Simon, Tim-P. and Pfeifer, Roman and Horst, Klemens and Pape, Hans-Christoph and Hildebrand, Frank and Wutzler, Sebastian and Marzi, Ingo and Relja, Borna},
	month = feb,
	year = {2020},
	pmid = {30864051},
	keywords = {*Neutrophil Infiltration, Animals, Contusions/immunology/pathology, Disease Models, Animal, Femoral Fractures/*immunology/surgery, fracture, Fracture Fixation, inflammation, Inflammation/*immunology/pathology, Interleukin-6/genetics/immunology, Lacerations/immunology/pathology, liver, Liver/immunology/*injuries/pathology, Lung, Lung Injury/*immunology/pathology, Monotrauma, Multiple Trauma/*immunology/pathology, Neutrophils/pathology, polytrauma, Resuscitation, Shock, Hemorrhagic/*immunology/pathology, Sus scrofa, Swine},
	pages = {31--42}
}