Damage-associated molecular patterns in trauma

Relja, Borna; Land, Walter Gottlieb

doi:10.1007/s00068-019-01235-w

by Borna Relja, Walter Gottlieb Land

Abstract:

In 1994, the "danger model" argued that adaptive immune responses are driven rather by molecules released upon tissue damage than by the recognition of "strange" molecules. Thus, an alternative to the "self versus non-self recognition model" has been provided. The model, which suggests that the immune system discriminates dangerous from safe molecules, has established the basis for the future designation of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), a term that was coined by Walter G. Land, Seong, and Matzinger. The pathological importance of DAMPs is barely somewhere else evident as in the posttraumatic or post-surgical inflammation and regeneration. Since DAMPs have been identified to trigger specific immune responses and inflammation, which is not necessarily detrimental but also regenerative, it still remains difficult to describe their "friend or foe" role in the posttraumatic immunogenicity and healing process. DAMPs can be used as biomarkers to indicate and/or to monitor a disease or injury severity, but they also may serve as clinically applicable parameters for optimized indication of the timing for, i.e., secondary surgeries. While experimental studies allow the detection of these biomarkers on different levels including cellular, tissue, and circulatory milieu, this is not always easily transferable to the human situation. Thus, in this review, we focus on the recent literature dealing with the pathophysiological importance of DAMPs after traumatic injury. Since dysregulated inflammation in traumatized patients always implies disturbed resolution of inflammation, so-called model of suppressing/inhibiting inducible DAMPs (SAMPs) will be very briefly introduced. Thus, an update on this topic in the field of trauma will be provided.

Reference:

Damage-associated molecular patterns in trauma (Borna Relja, Walter Gottlieb Land), In European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, volume 46, 2020.

Bibtex Entry:

@article{relja_damage-associated_2020,
	title = {Damage-associated molecular patterns in trauma},
	volume = {46},
	issn = {1863-9941 1863-9933 1863-9933},
	doi = {10.1007/s00068-019-01235-w},
	abstract = {In 1994, the "danger model" argued that adaptive immune responses are driven rather  by molecules released upon tissue damage than by the recognition of "strange"  molecules. Thus, an alternative to the "self versus non-self recognition model" has  been provided. The model, which suggests that the immune system discriminates  dangerous from safe molecules, has established the basis for the future designation  of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), a term that was coined by Walter G.  Land, Seong, and Matzinger. The pathological importance of DAMPs is barely somewhere  else evident as in the posttraumatic or post-surgical inflammation and regeneration.  Since DAMPs have been identified to trigger specific immune responses and  inflammation, which is not necessarily detrimental but also regenerative, it still  remains difficult to describe their "friend or foe" role in the posttraumatic  immunogenicity and healing process. DAMPs can be used as biomarkers to indicate  and/or to monitor a disease or injury severity, but they also may serve as  clinically applicable parameters for optimized indication of the timing for, i.e.,  secondary surgeries. While experimental studies allow the detection of these  biomarkers on different levels including cellular, tissue, and circulatory milieu,  this is not always easily transferable to the human situation. Thus, in this review,  we focus on the recent literature dealing with the pathophysiological importance of  DAMPs after traumatic injury. Since dysregulated inflammation in traumatized  patients always implies disturbed resolution of inflammation, so-called model of  suppressing/inhibiting inducible DAMPs (SAMPs) will be very briefly introduced.  Thus, an update on this topic in the field of trauma will be provided.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the  European Trauma Society},
	author = {Relja, Borna and Land, Walter Gottlieb},
	month = aug,
	year = {2020},
	pmid = {31612270},
	pmcid = {PMC7427761},
	keywords = {DAMP, Danger, inflammation, SAMP, Trauma},
	pages = {751--775}
}