@article{li_software_2017,
	title = {A software solution to dynamically reduce metallic distortions of electromagnetic tracking systems for image-guided surgery.},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {1861-6429 1861-6410},
	doi = {10.1007/s11548-017-1546-0},
	abstract = {PURPOSE: Electromagnetic tracking systems (EMTS) have achieved a high level of acceptance in clinical settings, e.g., to support tracking of medical instruments in image-guided interventions. However, tracking errors caused by movable metallic medical instruments and electronic devices are a critical problem which prevents the wider application of EMTS for clinical applications. METHODS: We plan to introduce a method to dynamically reduce tracking errors caused by metallic objects in proximity to the magnetic sensor coil of the EMTS. We propose a method using ramp waveform excitation based on modeling the conductive distorter as a resistance-inductance circuit. Additionally, a fast data acquisition method is presented to speed up the refresh rate. RESULTS: With the current approach, the sensor's positioning mean error is estimated to be 3.4, 1.3 and 0.7 mm, corresponding to a distance between the sensor and center of the transmitter coils' array of up to 200, 150 and 100 mm, respectively. The sensor pose error caused by different medical instruments placed in proximity was reduced by the proposed method to a level lower than 0.5 mm in position and [Formula: see text] in orientation. By applying the newly developed fast data acquisition method, we achieved a system refresh rate up to approximately 12.7 frames per second. CONCLUSIONS: Our software-based approach can be integrated into existing medical EMTS seamlessly with no change in hardware. It improves the tracking accuracy of clinical EMTS when there is a metallic object placed near the sensor coil and has the potential to improve the safety and outcome of image-guided interventions.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {9},
	journal = {International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery},
	author = {Li, Mengfei and Hansen, Christian and Rose, Georg},
	month = sep,
	year = {2017},
	pmid = {28258402},
	keywords = {Clinical navigation systems, Electromagnetic tracking, Error reduction, Image-guided interventions, Metallic distortion},
	pages = {1621--1633}
}